Common Core Standards
Grades 9-10
Writing W.9-10.3
Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.
- Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.
- Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.
- Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.
- Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.
- Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.
This standard is popular with students and teachers alike. Here, your students will demonstrate their ability to write a narrative in which they will use all the elements of plot usually found in fictional stories, including setting, character, events, conflict, resolution, and theme. The excitement of narrative writing rests on its ability to use sensory details that help the reader join the writer’s experience. It also provides an opportunity for students to reflect on their experiences to determine what they’ve learned about life.
This is a great standard to connect to the reading side of your class. You know all those literary devices you’ve been analyzing with your students? Well, it’s time to put them into practice. Help students use features like figurative language, setting, dialogue, and plot structure to the greatest effect. The following example should give you some ideas to get started.
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Teaching Guides Using this Standard
- 1984 Teacher Pass
- A Raisin in the Sun Teacher Pass
- A Rose For Emily Teacher Pass
- A View from the Bridge Teacher Pass
- Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Teacher Pass
- Animal Farm Teacher Pass
- Antigone Teacher Pass
- Beowulf Teacher Pass
- Death of a Salesman Teacher Pass
- Fahrenheit 451 Teacher Pass
- Fences Teacher Pass
- Frankenstein Teacher Pass
- Grapes Of Wrath Teacher Pass
- Great Expectations Teacher Pass
- Hamlet Teacher Pass
- Heart of Darkness Teacher Pass
- Julius Caesar Teacher Pass
- King Lear Teacher Pass
- Macbeth Teacher Pass
- Narrative of Frederick Douglass Teacher Pass
- Oedipus the King Teacher Pass
- Of Mice and Men Teacher Pass
- One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Teacher Pass
- Othello Teacher Pass
- Romeo and Juliet Teacher Pass
- The Aeneid Teacher Pass
- The As I Lay Dying Teacher Pass
- The Bluest Eye Teacher Pass
- The Canterbury Tales General Prologue Teacher Pass
- The Canterbury Tales: The Miller's Tale Teacher Pass
- The Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath's Prologue Teacher Pass
- The Cask of Amontillado Teacher Pass
- The Catch-22 Teacher Pass
- The Catcher in the Rye Teacher Pass
- The Great Gatsby Teacher Pass
- The House on Mango Street Teacher Pass
- The Iliad Teacher Pass
- The Lottery Teacher Pass
- The Metamorphosis Teacher Pass
- The Odyssey Teacher Pass
- The Old Man and the Sea Teacher Pass
- The Scarlet Letter Teacher Pass
- The Tell-Tale Heart Teacher Pass
- Their Eyes Were Watching God Teacher Pass
- Things Fall Apart Teacher Pass
- To Kill a Mockingbird Teacher Pass
- Wide Sargasso Sea Teacher Pass
- Wuthering Heights Teacher Pass
Example
Assignment Example
Your teacher has assigned an observation essay in which you must tell a story, or narrative. You can either recall an experience that you had in the past, or you can just make one up. What to write… what to write, you drum on your desk. Your teacher suggests that you write about a time when you learned a lesson or changed, but you still haven’t decided on a topic by the time you get home from school. Just to procrastinate, you turn to your newest video game for inspiration. You’ve been thumbing wildly for at least a minute when your two dogs, Annie and Jack, start pestering you to take them out. At first, it was just the staring; then it turned to glaring. Annie is on the left, nosing your arm so badly that you can’t control the controller. Jack is on your right, licking your hand and playing CANINE MISSION. Jack starts to whine AND drool while Annie gives you that “let’s-go-to-the-dog-park growl.”
Giving up, you toss the controller down, head to the mudroom, and put on their leashes. They are in a frenzied scramble to get out the door. You’re off! Practically running all the way (it’s been a while since they went to the park), all three of you are panting as you swing open the chain-link gate. Releasing your furry buddies from their leashes, they charge inside the fence while some dog nearby barks, “INCOMING!” On that signal, 20 dogs, including 12 from Sonja’s Doggy Day Care, come running to check out Annie and Jack. There are some familiar faces, but new ones, too. You like coming to the dog park almost as much as your pets. It’s fun watching the antics of the dogs as they rush for tossed balls or tumble in the wood chips or scuttle through the agility course. You don’t particularly like the clean-up, but, hey, it’s all part of the experience, right?
You decide you better not stay too long since you have that writing assignment when it dawns on you that you are LIVING the essay right now. Why not observe the happenings at the park and write about them? You reach into your back pocket for the assignment. Luckily, you didn’t put it in your planner as you’re supposed to. Your pencil is there, too. You’ll be able to jot down ideas and notes about what you’re seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling. This fits right into the assignment since you’ve been asked to use your five senses as much as possible.
It’s a great day, and spending time in the sunshine and slight breeze at the dog park is fun. That will be your setting. Your point-of-view and persona will be from the perspective of a proud dog owner. Your audience will be your classmates… everybody loves dogs. Your characters will be the dogs and their owners. Chronological order seems to fit best here, but you can mix in some flashbacks, or you might compare and contrast this visit from the last. You move to the huddle of owners who are bragging about their dogs. “My dog runs faster than yours,” or doling out some useful dog training tricks: “Don’t stand too long in one spot; someone’s likely to lift a leg.” That will help you add dialogue to your essay.
There is so much commotion going on with all the dogs that you think you can write about how the two dogs by the fence are trailing like bloodhounds though they’re little poodles. Three mutts chase each other into the woods with incredible maneuvers (this would make a great video game). How they run that fast without running into the trees is beyond human understanding. Two dogs roll in the grass while another pair just sits and watches the activity. Some of the dogs seem to be very fast-paced while others appear more laid-back.
You wonder if dogs and their owners are alike, so you start to match up the pairs. You’ve got to watch closely. How do they move? What are their attitudes? Are they shy or aggressive? Do they wear their hair and fur the same way? You laugh when you contrast the size of the small dogs standing under the bellies and legs of the tall ones. You are also amazed at how you cannot tell the chocolate labs in the pack apart. You conclude that the dog park is an exciting place where dogs and their human friends can have fun and find a common ground.
This will make a great story! Now, suppose you write the story from your dog’s point-of-view? Get creative!
Quiz Questions
Here's an example of a quiz that could be used to test this standard.Write T for statements that are true; write F for statements that are false.
Aligned Resources
- Teaching A View from the Bridge: Talk Show
- Teaching Fences: Making a Collage – Bearden Style
- Teaching King Lear: King Lear Audio Podcast
- Teaching A Tale of Two Cities: Serial Publishing
- Teaching An Ideal Husband: A Hard Knock Life
- Teaching An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge: Who is Peyton Farquhar?
- Teaching A Midsummer Night's Dream: Reconsidering Helena and Hermia
- Teaching A Doll's House: Nora's Secret Diary
- Teaching Jane Eyre: Making Poetry Out of Cover Art
- Teaching Kaffir Boy: Personal Narratives About Race
- Teaching Life of Pi: From Text to Pictures and Back Again
- Teaching Light in August: Comment Cards
- Teaching Macbeth: Performing Macbeth in Under Eight Minutes
- Teaching Major Barbara: Debating the Important Stuff
- Teaching Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: Poetry Inspired by Douglass’s Narrative
- Teaching Night: Virtual Field Trip
- Teaching Oliver Twist, or, the Parish Boy’s Progress: What's Your Story?
- Teaching Death of a Salesman: Selling the American Dream
- Teaching Dracula: Diaries and Strange News Stories
- Teaching Ethan Frome: You be the Judge
- Teaching Frankenstein: Breaking News: Stormy Weather Puts the Science Back in Fiction
- Teaching Giovanni's Room: Don't Make the Same Mistake Twice
- Teaching Great Expectations: Ups and Downs: Graphing Pip's Tumultuous Life
- Teaching The Yellow Wallpaper: The Yellow Wallpaper Meets the 21st Century: Writing a Mash-Up
- Teaching Their Eyes Were Watching God: Anthropology 101
- Teaching Their Eyes Were Watching God: Getting Readers Hooked on Hurston
- Teaching Treasure Island: Pirate Pink Slips
- Teaching Wuthering Heights: Isn't It Byronic?
- Teaching The Aeneid: Now About that Ending…
- Teaching The Cask of Amontillado: Who...err, Why Dunnit?
- Teaching The Grapes of Wrath: Haunted By the Ghost of Tom Joad: The Enduring Legacy of a Mythic Character
- Teaching The Scarlet Letter: Create a Travel Guide to the Puritan Settlement in New England
- Teaching Pudd'nhead Wilson: Actions Have Consequences
- Teaching Silas Marner: Conflict Resolution
- Teaching Silas Marner: Profile Feature