Fictitious Credit
If you deposited money with Ebenezer Scrooge or Gordon Gekko.
Outside of literature and film, it's a component of a short sale.
A short sale involves borrowing a security so you can sell it for cash. You hope the security will go down in price. When it does, you buy it back at the lower price, return the security you repurchased to its original owner, and keep the profit. You sold high and bought low, keeping the difference in-between.
When you make a short sale, you end up with cash in your account. Eventually, you have to use that cash to buy back the security in order to close out the trade. So when you make the short sale, you've created a margin requirement.
You have the money, but it's spoken for. It has to be used to buy back the security you've shorted. You can't actually use the cash for anything (other than closing out the short). It's not a real credit, like you'd have if you put your own unencumbered cash in the account. It's fictitious credit.
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Finance: What are credit ratings, and ho...59 Views
finance a la shmoop what our credit ratings and how are they interpreted?
well maybe you've heard your parents groan about all of their accumulated
debt or at least you did in high school and you know how it's sinking them. your [kid asks for dinner]
mom put the new fridge and dishwasher on her Amex and now it's all maxed out. your
dad meanwhile invested in a new set of golf clubs and put his flight to Myrtle
Beach on his visa, and now well your dad might have a nice tan and maybe he's
shaved a few strokes off his game, but you and your sister are eating baked
beans out of the can and taking time to 30-second showers to cut down on you
know gas expenses, so credits evil right? you should only pay for something if
you've got the cash right now in your pocket to pay for it right? well no not
right it's true making purchases on credit and be abused and often is but
building credit ie showing the rest of the world that you can borrow money and
then pay off your purchases responsibly whether you're an individual or a
corporation is absolutely essential in making your way through this vast [computer game labyrinth pictured]
complicated world of ours and establishing your own credit rating. so
what really is a credit rating ?well it's a determination of your ability to pay
your debts fully and in a timely manner. all right well there are three major
credit rating agencies who specialize in making these types of evaluations for
the big boys ie large public corporations who borrow money all the
time. the agencies well they're the ones with catchy names like Moody's Standard
& Poor's and Fitch. note that these three are typically used to determine the
reliability of businesses to pay off their debts.
don't confuse credit rating agencies with credit reporting agencies, of which
the major players are Equifax Experian and TransUnion. those guys publish credit
reports assigning credit scores to individuals. so they determine whether
you're able to get that Prius you've had your eye on or whether you can get [orange Prius pictured]
the keys to a nice new condo or whether you can finally upgrade from your
antique typewriter to Mac. but credit ratings indicate whether
someone might want to trust this or that company to make good on their debts.
check out this table which gives you the rundown of Moody's and SNP ratings right
there. don't worry about Fitch for now they're low man on the totem pole .all
right for Moody's anything rated be a three or better is considered investment
grade. for S&P well it's anything triple b-minus or higher. so both agencies would [credit rating chart pictured]
recommend investing in a company's debt at the top of their class, but for any
failing below this line well they've kind of slapped a junk ish bond label on
it. in other words you know and take your chances. the better the grade the better
a company is done in keeping their books checking their boxes crossing their T's
and dotting your I's and likely it means that they're a low risk. and so
they get cheap interest rate. though the odds are paying back their debts are
high when the risk is low and they're encouraged borrow more money until
they're not a good credit risk. well the ones at the bottom of the barrel are
probably sending weekly emails soliciting funds to you know help [sympathetic woman sits behind a computer]
Nigerian Prince's in distress. so those are credit ratings if you find yourself
in a position to care about them well now you know what they mean and how to
interpret them. as for your personal credit score well just make regular
payments don't spend well beyond your means and refrain from ordering one of
everything off Amazon and you should be just fine. [woman shops from computer]
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